Certified Residential Appraiser Practice Exam

What happens to footings in relation to the freeze line in construction?

1. They are usually placed above the freeze line

2. They are typically below the freeze line

3. They should not interact with the freeze line

4. They can be above or below the freeze line depending on climate

The correct answer is: They are typically below the freeze line

Footings are typically placed below the freeze line to avoid issues associated with frost heave, which can compromise the structural integrity of a building. The freeze line, also known as the frost depth, is the depth at which the ground is expected to freeze during winter months. Placing footings below this line ensures that the foundation does not experience significant ground movement due to freezing and thawing cycles. This approach is crucial for maintaining stability, especially in colder climates where frost penetration can be deep. While there are specific construction practices and guidelines that account for local climate conditions, the general rule is that footings should be located below the freeze line to provide a stable foundation that can withstand seasonal changes in temperature and moisture.